What are the Signs of MBD in Chameleons?

8 min readOct 18, 2023

Chameleons are fascinating reptiles known for their unique characteristics, including their ability to change color and their independently mobile eyes. While chameleons can make captivating and beautiful pets, they require special care and attention to ensure their well-being. One of the most common health concerns in chameleons is Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD). MBD is a condition that affects the bones and overall health of chameleons.

What are the Signs of MBD in Chameleons — Source

In this article, we will explore what MBD is, its causes, and most importantly, the signs and symptoms you should be aware of to detect MBD in your chameleon.

What is Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD)?

Metabolic Bone Disease, often referred to as MBD, is a prevalent and potentially serious health issue in chameleons. This condition results from an imbalance in the calcium and phosphorus levels in a chameleon’s body, which can weaken bones, leading to deformities and other health problems.

Chameleons need calcium to build and maintain their bones. If they do not receive an adequate supply of calcium, their bodies will take the calcium they need from their bones, leaving them brittle and weak. Additionally, an improper calcium-to-phosphorus ratio can interfere with calcium absorption, contributing to MBD.

Causes of MBD in Chameleons

Several factors can contribute to the development of MBD in chameleons. Understanding these causes is crucial to prevent this condition:

Dietary Imbalance: A diet lacking in calcium-rich foods can lead to MBD. Chameleons primarily feed on insects, and if these insects are not dusted with calcium powder or gut-loaded with calcium-rich foods, the chameleon may not receive sufficient calcium.
Inadequate UVB Exposure: Chameleons also require exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light to synthesize vitamin D3, which is necessary for proper calcium metabolism. Without UVB exposure, chameleons cannot effectively utilize the calcium in their diet.
Poor Husbandry: Incorrect husbandry practices, such as improper enclosure setup or inadequate temperature and humidity levels, can stress chameleons and interfere with their ability to absorb calcium properly.
Genetics: Some chameleons may be genetically predisposed to MBD. It’s important to know the lineage of your chameleon if you plan to breed or adopt one.

Signs of Metabolic Bone Disease in Chameleons

Detecting MBD in chameleons is essential for early intervention and treatment. Here are the signs and symptoms to watch for:

1. Bone Deformities:

In chameleons with Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD), their bones can get twisted or bent. It’s like their legs or spine don’t grow the right way, making them look crooked or broken. Imagine if your arm or leg suddenly curved in a strange direction — it would be painful and challenging to move.

For chameleons, these deformities can be painful too, and they might struggle to climb or walk like they normally do. So, if you notice your chameleon’s body or limbs look oddly shaped, it’s a sign that something might be wrong.

2. Swollen Limbs or Joints:

When chameleons have MBD, their arms, legs, or joints can puff up or get bigger than they should be. Just like when we have a swollen finger, it’s uncomfortable for them and can make it hard to move. Imagine trying to climb or walk with your hand or foot feeling big and puffy.

For chameleons, this swelling is a sign that their bones are getting weak and painful, which affects their ability to do everyday things, like grabbing onto branches or moving around. So, if you notice any puffiness in their limbs or joints, it’s a signal that something isn’t right.

3. Lethargy and Weakness:

When chameleons have MBD, they may become tired and feel weak all the time. It’s like us feeling drained after a long day. They might not have the energy to move around, explore, or do their normal chameleon activities.

Their muscles and bones are not as strong as they should be, so even simple tasks become challenging for them. If you notice your chameleon spending a lot of time just sitting or not being as active as usual, it’s a sign they might be dealing with MBD, and they need help to regain their strength and vitality.

4. Difficulty Walking or Climbing:

When chameleons have Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD), moving around becomes really tough for them. It’s like trying to walk or climb when you’re feeling dizzy or unsteady. Their legs and feet aren’t as strong as they should be, so they may stumble, fall, or have trouble gripping branches. Imagine feeling like your legs just won’t cooperate.

For chameleons, it’s both painful and frustrating. So, if you see your chameleon struggling to walk or climb as they usually do, it’s a sign that their bones and muscles are not working as they should, and it’s time to seek help from a vet.

5. Reduced Appetite:

When chameleons have Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD), they may not want to eat like they used to. It’s like when we don’t feel hungry because we’re unwell. Their bones and muscles can ache, making it uncomfortable to chew and swallow.

So, they might refuse their food or eat much less. This can lead to weight loss and more health problems. So, if you notice your chameleon isn’t interested in their meals or isn’t eating as much as before, it’s a sign that they’re not feeling their best, and it’s crucial to address their health concerns.

6. Respiratory Problems:

When chameleons have MBD, it can affect their breathing. Imagine feeling like you have a heavy weight on your chest, making it hard to take a deep breath. Chameleons with MBD might experience similar difficulties.

Weakened chest muscles can lead to labored breathing, which means they struggle to inhale and exhale properly. This can make them more vulnerable to respiratory infections, like a human getting sick when they’re already feeling weak.

So, if your chameleon seems to be breathing heavily or abnormally, it’s a sign that their bones and muscles are not working as they should, and it’s time to get them the help they need from a vet.

7. Stunted Growth:

When chameleons have MBD, it can impact their growth. Imagine a child not growing as tall as they should because they are not getting the right nutrition. Chameleons with MBD may not develop at the expected rate, making them smaller and less healthy than they should be for their age.

Their bones, which should be getting longer and stronger, aren’t growing as they should. It’s like being stuck in the same size clothes, even as you’re getting older.

So, if your chameleon seems much smaller than others of the same age, it’s a sign that MBD might be affecting its growth, and it’s essential to address this health issue.

8. Bumps or Lumps:

Chameleons with MBD may develop unusual bumps or lumps on their skin, particularly around their bones. These raised areas can look like little bumps under their skin. It’s similar to when we get a small, painful bump on our skin after an injury.

These bumps are often calcium deposits that build up in places they shouldn’t, usually near their joints or bones. It’s a sign that their body is struggling to regulate calcium properly, and these lumps can cause discomfort and further hinder their movement.

So, if you spot these bumps, it’s an important clue that your chameleon needs attention to address MBD.

9. Reluctance to Perch:

Chameleons usually love to hang out on branches or leaves, but when they have MBD, they may not want to perch or sit on these spots. It’s like when we have a sore back, and we avoid sitting in our favorite chair because it’s uncomfortable.

Chameleons with MBD experience discomfort in their bones and muscles, making it painful to grip onto branches.

So, they might stay on the ground or in hiding places instead of their usual high perches. If you notice your chameleon spending less time up high, it’s a sign that their bone problems are making their life harder, and they need care to get better.

Preventing and Treating MBD in Chameleons

Preventing MBD in chameleons is far more effective than treating it, but early intervention can make a significant difference in the prognosis. Here are some steps you can take to prevent and treat MBD:

Prevention:

Proper Diet: Ensure your chameleon’s diet is rich in calcium. Dust insects with a calcium supplement and feed them high-calcium insects like crickets and dubia roaches. Gut-load feeder insects with nutritious greens to provide additional vitamins and minerals.
UVB Lighting: Provide your chameleon with access to UVB lighting. Make sure the UVB light is appropriate for the species and replace it regularly as it loses its effectiveness over time.
Adequate Enclosure Setup: Maintain the correct temperature and humidity levels in your chameleon’s enclosure. Ensure that their habitat provides opportunities for climbing and perching.

Treatment:

Consult a Vet: If you suspect that your chameleon has MBD or if you notice any of the signs mentioned earlier, consult a veterinarian experienced in reptile care. They can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D3: Your vet may recommend supplements to help correct the calcium imbalance in your chameleon’s system. Follow their guidance on administering these supplements.
Pain Management: If your chameleon is in pain, your vet may recommend pain management medications to alleviate discomfort.
Supportive Care: Chameleons with MBD may require supportive care such as hand-feeding, hydration, and physical therapy to help improve their condition.
Rehabilitation: In severe cases, rehabilitation may be necessary, and chameleons with advanced MBD may never fully recover. However, with proper care, they can still have a good quality of life.

Conclusion

Metabolic Bone Disease is a significant health concern for chameleons. To keep these captivating reptiles healthy, it’s crucial to provide a well-balanced diet, proper UVB exposure, and suitable husbandry conditions. Regular monitoring of your chameleon’s health and behavior is also essential.

If you suspect any signs of MBD, consult a veterinarian with expertise in reptile care immediately. With the right care and attention, you can help your chameleon lead a happy and healthy life, free from the challenges of Metabolic Bone Disease.

Note: The information presented in this article is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional advice and guidance from a qualified veterinarian or herpetologist. Chameleon care and husbandry can vary based on species and individual needs, so it’s essential to consult with an expert for personalized recommendations.